Zawia3 · Chart 7 of 9

Education budget vs constitutional obligation: just one quarter of what is required

1.49% of GDP in FY 2026/2027 vs the 6% the Constitution mandates

“Education’s share of GDP dropped to 1.49 per cent — a quarter of the constitutional obligation set by Articles 19 and 21: four per cent for pre-university and two per cent for university education.”

The budget rises by 16.6% yet remains at a quarter of the constitutional requirement (6% combined: 4% pre-university + 2% university).

Source: EIPR analysis of the FY 2026/2027 budget / Articles 19 and 21 of the Egyptian Constitution