Zawia3 · Chart 4 of 7

Expanding the Definition of "Public Utility": From 7 to 27 Activities

Law No. 10 of 1990 — 36 years of incremental expansion

"In 36 years, the grounds for forced acquisition tripled — and 11 additions came by cabinet decree, not legislation."

Original law (1990)

7

activities

Today

27

permitted activities

By cabinet decree

11×

additions via PM order

Sources of expansion in grounds for forced acquisition

Original law 7
Added by other laws 9
Added by PM decrees 11

Source: Al-Umran Observatory policy paper — June 2026